The Advanced Reader's Collocation Searcher (ARCS)  

by Horst Bogatz,

 "the committedly constant collector of contemporary collocations."

The Advanced Reader`s Collocation Searcher (ARCS)
Kiefernstraße 18
Meppen, Lower Saxony D-49716

ph: +49-5931-29225

Services

There are two different versions of the ARCS. One consists of a Word-File so that one can make use of the search options of MS Word. One of the advantages of this version is that ideas or concepts are clustered. For example, verbs that are synonyms can be seen as neighbouring entries, or one can find more than 200 entries on different kinds of persons.

The second version is a relational data base. It provides very sophisticated search options. The separate results screen shows a report of your search item, from which the user can easily pick the result he is searching for. Thus this version is really cutting-edge and unique!

  • The ARCS for research or business purposes.

    If you want to buy the ARCS for business or research, the price at ELDA is €300. If you want to use it as a single user, then I can offer it for €100. (see below)

    Please do state whether you want a) the version for MS Word, or b) the data base version with askSam Viewer.

    • 300.00
    • In stock
  • The ARCS for single users.

    One can order the ARCS at ELDA, i.e. the European Language Resources Agency in Paris, or one can buy it from the author and  pay by PayPal. In the latter case, just send an e-mail to my address: horst.bogatz@thecollocations.com.

    When ordering the ARCS, you will want to state which version you prefer, i.e a) the version for MS Word, or b) the data base version with askSam Viewer.

    • 100.00
    • In stock

What is a collocation dictionary?

Collocation refers to the sequential co-occurrence possibilities of linguistic units, e.g. noun + noun, adjective + noun, adverb + adjective/adverb, or in some cases non-adjacent ones,e.g. verb + noun, verb + preposition, verb + adverb/ adjective. The ARCS provides, for example, 112 verbs that co-occur with up and/ or down.

There are scales of collocational probability and acceptability. The difference in collocational probability and acceptability between sentences derives from their referential meaning. Referential restrictions on collocation demand knowledge of the world, which is changing very fast. New ideas and inventions require new collocations. As a consequence, the ARCS is updated daily.

There are firm or frozen collocations like"crowdsourcing","debt-for nature swap","second lifer","ghost call","unintentional entrepreneur","gastric bypass surgery","time-starved reader","gentrification","Vatican roulette","wealth formation by long-term saving with tax concessions","swine flu","palpable disdain","black swan event","school shooting","deep packet inspection","teotwawki","freegan","surfer's ear", "video snacking","geotagged photo","cruelty-free consumption",or weak collocations like a "big car". Knowledge of collocations is vital for the competent and authentic use of a language: a grammatically correct sentence will stand out as 'awkward' if collocational preferences are violated. This makes collocation an interesting area for language teaching. One of the learner's major problems is a lack of collocational expertise in English. The Cambridge Learner's Dictionary says that "these word combinations are often difficult to guess, so you need to learn them in order to sound natural in English".

The ARCS is an electronic word combination searcher. It will offer answers to queries concerned with words that occur together and form one single semantic unit, e.g. "awareness for the environment" (G. Umweltbewusstsein). Such groups of words are called collocates, i.e. words that are spontaneously associated with one another or glued together in the minds of native speakers.The learner will need some degree of prior semantic knowledge about the parts of the collocation in order to understand the word combination.
Also available are synonyms of such collocations and words or parts of speech that co-occur with a certain word. For example, the adjective "particular" collocates with about 500 nouns, on the basis of a text corpus of over 8 million words. The ARCS covers English/ English as well as German/ English because it provides all probable, acceptable as well as weak and firm collocations. The German equivalents of the English headwords form semantic fields or a collection of German collocations.

"Despite the absence of glosses, learners can nonetheless select collocations through a culling process whereby familiar words are contemplated as potential candidates and unknown words ignored." (Nicolas R. Cueto)

The design of the ARCS connects more than 2 million words with the help of more than 60,000 nodes or headwords. "Nodes must be highly clustered - that is, if two nodes are both linked to a third, there must be a high probability that the two are also directly linked. --- Searching our memories for a particular word really entails wandering mentally along links in the network." (A.E. Motter, Y.-C. Lai, P. Dasgupta, From: Nature, Science Update July 24, 2002) Thus The Advanced Reader's Collocation Searcher imitates the mental lexicon. It is really unique. Depending on whether the search starts from a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb, the user looks up a headword (node) in either the Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Synonym, or German section. A global search can start from English and/ or German words. Also, sample pages have been prepared. They may serve as examples of the 3,000 pages of the ARCS..

Was ist ein Kollokations-Wörterbuch?

Der Begriff Kollokation bezieht sich auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit oder Möglichkeit von Wörtern zusammen gebraucht zu werden. Die Eigentümlichkeit des wahrscheinlichen und des akzeptablen Gebrauchs in Sätzen leitet sich ab von deren Bezug zur Wirklichkeit. Kollokationen werden nur durch das Wissen von der Wirklichkeit begrenzt. Es gibt unveränderliche Kolloaktionen wie z.B. "fabless company", "one-to-one marketing", "stool pigeon","angel investor", "gunboat diplomacy" und "bread-and-butter car (Deutsch: Volumenmodell),oder auch  flexible Verbindungen wie z.B. "big car.

 Eines der größten Probleme für den Lerner der englischen Sprache ist sein Mangel an Geschick beim intuitiven Gebrauch von Kollokationen.

 "The Cambridge Learner´s Dictionary" sagt dazu, "dass diese Wortkombinationen häufig nur schwer zu erraten sind, deshalb muss man sie als solche lernen, um ein natürlich klingendes Englisch zu sprechen."

 

Das  ARCS ist eine relationale Datenbank mit einem elektronischen Suchprogramm nach englischen Wordkombinationen. Es gibt Antwort auf die Frage, welche Wortkombinationen es überhaupt gibt, als auch darauf, welche eine bedeutungsmäßige Einheit bilden, wie z.B. "awareness of the environment, die auf Deutsch oft nur durch ein Wort abgedeckt werden, i.e. Umweltbewusstsein.Solche Wortkombinationen werden Kollokate genannt, d.h. Wörter, die in den Gedächtnissen von Muttersprachlern - während der Sprachproduktion - intuitiv miteinander verknüpft werden. Der Lerner braucht selbstverständlich vor dem Gebrauch der Wortkombinationen eine Kenntnis der einzelnen Wörter der Kollokation.

Auch zur Verfügung gestellt werden alle nur selten vorkommenden Kollokationen. So geht das Adjektiv "particular" ca. 500 Kombinationen mit Substantiven ein, wenn man von einem Textkorpus von 3 Millionen Wörtern ausgeht. Das ARCS liefert englisch-englische Entsprechungen, indem es alle wahrscheinlichen, akzeptablen, flexiblen und feststehenden Kollokationen zur Verfügung stellt. Die deutschen Entsprechungen zu den englischen Haupteintragungen stellen ein semantisches Feld dar, indem sie mit der Grundbedeutung - "core meaning" - beginnen und bis zu den ausgefalleneren Entsprechungen alle möglichen Übersetzungen zur Auswahl anbieten.

 Auf diese Weise bildet das ARCS das mentale Lexikon ab. Darin ist es wirklich einmalig. Unabhängig ob man die Suche beginnt mit einem Nomen, Verb, Adjektiv, Adverb, wird der Benutzer bei einem Haupteintragungswort (Node) in den Wortarten Nomen, Verb, Adjektiv, Adverb, Synonyma oder deutschen Äquivalenten die richttige Wortverbindung auswählen können Die vielen Beispielseiten, die zur Verfügung stehen, stellen nur einige dar aus einer Gesamtzahl von etwa 3200 Seiten im Format MS Word.

Die Ausgabe im Datenbankformat basierend auf askSam hat 60 000 Nodes oder Haupteintragungswörter.

 

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The Advanced Reader`s Collocation Searcher (ARCS)
Kiefernstraße 18
Meppen, Lower Saxony D-49716

ph: +49-5931-29225